Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

PTSD symptoms include intrusive recollections of the trauma, such as distressing flashbacks or dreams. Avoidance behaviours are common, where individuals steer clear of places, people, or thoughts associated with the trauma. Many also experience a negative shift in mood and thinking—feeling numb, disconnected, or overwhelmed by guilt and shame. Increased arousal, such as being easily startled, struggling with sleep, and displaying irritability or recklessness, is also typical.

PTSD can result from a broad range of traumatic experiences. These include direct exposure to serious accidents, physical or sexual assault, natural disasters, or military combat. It may also develop following the sudden loss of a loved one, prolonged exposure to abuse, or repeated traumatic incidents in childhood or adulthood. The severity or duration of the trauma, and an individual’s psychological and environmental context, often influence how PTSD develops.

While anyone who has experienced trauma can develop PTSD, some individuals are more vulnerable than others. Those with a personal or family history of mental health conditions may be at increased risk. Limited support networks, ongoing exposure to trauma, or previous experiences of abuse or neglect can also contribute to vulnerability. Additionally, individuals who experience intense fear, helplessness, or horror during the traumatic event may be more susceptible.

PTSD is diagnosed by a qualified mental health professional based on detailed clinical evaluation, usually using criteria outlined in the DSM-5. For a diagnosis to be made, symptoms must persist for more than a month and significantly impair the individual’s functioning. Treatment options vary depending on the individual but are typically centred on evidence-based psychological therapies.

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Exposure Therapy can help individuals process traumatic memories and reframe harmful thought patterns. EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing) is another highly regarded approach that aids in reprocessing traumatic experiences. In some cases, antidepressant medications, particularly SSRIs, may be prescribed to reduce symptoms. Additional support may include mindfulness techniques, peer support groups, and strengthening of personal support networks.

It is important to seek help if PTSD symptoms persist and interfere with your ability to function or find enjoyment in life. This includes ongoing nightmares, flashbacks, avoidance of key activities or people, and difficulty managing emotions or relationships. The earlier help is accessed, the more effective treatment tends to be. Recovery is possible with the right professional support.

At The Clinica, Dr. Arora provides comprehensive assessment and personalised treatment plans for adults with PTSD. As an outpatient centre, we support individuals who are medically stable and motivated to engage in therapy. We also offer support and training for families, educators, and organisations seeking to understand PTSD more fully. To book an appointment or speak with our team, please call 01344 946363 or email info@theclinica.co.uk.