Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

ADHD is typically categorised into three primary presentations:

• Predominantly Inattentive Presentation: Individuals may find it difficult to maintain focus, follow instructions, organise tasks, or remember details. They may seem forgetful or easily distracted in daily routines.
• Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Presentation: This includes signs such as constant fidgeting, excessive talking, difficulty sitting still, and acting without thinking.
• Combined Presentation: A blend of inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms, which is the most commonly diagnosed type.

Symptoms of ADHD can differ depending on age, environment, and individual characteristics, but commonly include:

• Difficulty maintaining attention on tasks or conversations
• Forgetfulness and frequently misplacing items
• Struggling to follow through on instructions or complete assignments
• Restlessness, fidgeting, and difficulty remaining seated
• Impulsive decisions, speaking out of turn, or acting without forethought

These symptoms can interfere with daily functioning and are often noticed across multiple settings, such as school, work, or home.

ADHD is thought to develop due to a mix of genetic, neurological, and environmental factors. There is strong evidence that ADHD runs in families, suggesting a hereditary component.

Differences in brain structure and function, particularly involving neurotransmitters like dopamine, are also linked to the condition. Environmental factors—such as exposure to alcohol or tobacco during pregnancy, premature birth, and low birth weight—may increase the risk of developing ADHD. Stressful early life experiences may further exacerbate symptoms.

Diagnosis of ADHD involves a thorough clinical assessment that considers behavioural patterns and developmental history. This may include:

• Observations across different settings (e.g., home, school, or work)
• Standardised questionnaires or rating scales completed by parents, teachers, or the individual
• Evaluation to rule out other medical or psychological conditions that may mimic ADHD

A clear and accurate diagnosis is essential to develop a tailored treatment plan and support strategy.

First appointment: 90 min - initial mental health assessment, screen for ADHD and suitability for diagnostic interview (£595)

Second appointment: 90 min - diagnostic interview, confirmation (or not) of ADHD and treatment discussion, including medication and prescription for 4 weeks if appropriate. Report provided after this, detailing assessment and diagnosis and treatment (£595)

Medication cost is separate and paid at local pharmacy - usually £60-£100 for one month

Third appointment - (occurs if starting on medication): 30 mins – 3-4 weeks after commencing medication. If medication successful, further prescription and then writing to NHS GP to request NHS ongoing prescription. Then 3 month review, then 6 month review, then annual review. Each follow up is £250.

If 1st medication unsuccessful, approximately monthly appointments to retrial other medications, if appropriate and wished for by patient. Once settled, then writing to NHS GP to advise to request NHS ongoing prescription. Then 3 month review, then 6 month review, then annual review. Each follow up is £250.

Effective management of ADHD often includes a combination of therapeutic, medical, and lifestyle-based interventions:

• Behavioural therapy: Focused on time management, organisation, and emotional regulation.
• Medication: Stimulants and non-stimulant medications can help improve concentration and reduce impulsivity and hyperactivity.
• Educational interventions: Adjustments at school or work to support focus, such as extra time or structured tasks.
• Lifestyle strategies: Incorporating consistent routines, physical activity, visual reminders, and regular sleep patterns can enhance symptom control.

With the right tools and a supportive environment, people with ADHD can manage their symptoms effectively and reach their full potential.

At The Clinica, Dr. Arora provides expert diagnostic assessments and personalised treatment plans for adults experiencing ADHD. Through a comprehensive evaluation, she identifies the nature and extent of symptoms and offers recommendations that align with each individual’s goals and lifestyle.

We also support families, educators, and employers through training and consultation, helping them understand ADHD and how best to assist those living with it. If you suspect you or someone close to you may have ADHD, please contact our Booking Team at 01344 946363 or email info@theclinica.co.uk. We’re here to guide you every step of the way.