Ankle Pain

Ankle pain can arise from acute injuries, overuse, or chronic conditions affecting the joint. Sprains are among the most common causes, occurring when the ligaments around the ankle are stretched or torn, often due to a sudden twist or impact. Fractures, or breaks in the ankle bones, can result from falls or high-impact injuries and usually cause severe pain, swelling, and bruising.

Overuse injuries, such as tendinitis, develop gradually from repetitive stress on the ankle, commonly seen in athletes and individuals with physically demanding jobs. Tendinitis occurs when the tendons that support the ankle become inflamed, leading to pain and stiffness.

Arthritis, particularly osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, can also lead to ankle pain by causing inflammation, joint stiffness, and cartilage degradation over time.

Other factors, such as improper footwear, flat feet, or biomechanical issues, can place additional strain on the ankle joint, increasing the risk of pain and injury.

Diagnosing ankle pain begins with a physical examination and an assessment of symptoms and medical history. The clinician will check for tenderness, swelling, and range of motion in the ankle and may perform specific tests, such as the “anterior drawer test” or “talar tilt test,” to assess ligament stability and identify possible sprains.

Imaging tests, such as X-rays, MRI, and ultrasound, are often used to confirm the diagnosis and determine the extent of damage. X-rays are useful for detecting fractures or joint abnormalities, while MRI provides detailed images of soft tissues, such as ligaments, tendons, and cartilage, helping to identify sprains or tendinitis. Ultrasound is particularly valuable for assessing inflammation in the tendons and detecting fluid accumulation within the joint.

In cases where arthritis or other inflammatory conditions are suspected, blood tests may be conducted to identify markers of inflammation or autoimmune disorders, which can help guide the treatment approach.

Treatment for ankle pain focuses on relieving pain, reducing inflammation, and restoring joint function. Initial treatment often includes rest, ice application, compression, and elevation (the RICE protocol) to manage pain and swelling, particularly in cases of acute injury. Over-the-counter pain relievers may also be recommended to alleviate discomfort.

Physical therapy is an essential part of ankle pain management, focusing on exercises to strengthen the surrounding muscles, improve balance, and restore flexibility. Ankle strengthening exercises help stabilise the joint, reducing the risk of future injuries. Balance training is particularly useful for individuals with a history of ankle sprains, as it improves proprioception and helps prevent re-injury.

For chronic ankle pain or cases where inflammation persists, corticosteroid injections may be used to reduce swelling and provide temporary pain relief. For severe injuries, such as fractures or complete ligament tears, surgical intervention may be necessary to repair or stabilise the joint. After surgery, rehabilitation is crucial to restore mobility, strength, and stability.

Booking an initial consultation at The Clinica is the first step toward effective management of ankle pain. During this consultation, our specialist will conduct a comprehensive assessment, discussing your symptoms, reviewing your medical history, and identifying any activities that may contribute to the pain. A thorough physical examination of the ankle joint will help determine the location and severity of the pain.

If necessary, imaging tests such as X-rays, MRI, or ultrasound will be arranged to confirm the diagnosis and guide treatment. Following this assessment, a personalised treatment plan will be developed, focusing on pain relief, rehabilitation, and strategies to prevent recurrence, ensuring a structured approach to restoring ankle health.