Rotator Cuff Injuries

Rotator cuff injuries commonly result from repetitive overhead movements, direct trauma, or degeneration due to age. Activities such as painting, swimming, and lifting weights can place repetitive strain on the rotator cuff, causing tendinitis or small tears over time. Athletes, especially those in sports like tennis, baseball, and weightlifting, are at higher risk due to the repetitive motions required.
Degenerative changes in the tendons are also a leading cause of rotator cuff injuries, particularly in individuals over the age of 40. As the tendons age, they lose elasticity, becoming more prone to wear and tear. This degeneration can result in spontaneous rotator cuff tears even with minimal strain. Traumatic injuries, such as falls or accidents, can also cause acute tears in the rotator cuff, particularly in younger individuals or during high-impact activities.
Other contributing factors include poor posture, which can place strain on the shoulder muscles, and underlying conditions such as arthritis, which can weaken the tendons and increase the likelihood of injury.

Diagnosing a rotator cuff injury involves a physical examination and an assessment of symptoms. The clinician may conduct specific shoulder tests, such as the “empty can” or “drop arm” tests, to determine the location and extent of the injury. Observing range of motion, strength, and points of tenderness helps identify the area of damage within the rotator cuff.
Imaging tests, such as X-rays, ultrasound, and MRI, are commonly used to confirm the diagnosis and evaluate the severity of the injury. X-rays do not show soft tissues like muscles or tendons, but they can reveal bone spurs or joint abnormalities that may contribute to rotator cuff issues. Ultrasound provides a detailed view of the tendons and muscles, helping to detect tears or inflammation.
MRI scans offer comprehensive imaging of the shoulder structure, allowing for a precise assessment of the rotator cuff's condition. MRI is especially valuable in determining whether the tear is partial or complete, guiding the development of an appropriate treatment plan.

Treatment for rotator cuff injuries focuses on relieving pain, restoring shoulder mobility, and strengthening the rotator cuff to prevent re-injury. Initial treatments may include rest, ice, and anti-inflammatory medications to reduce pain and inflammation. Modifying or avoiding activities that strain the shoulder is essential for initial healing.
Physical therapy is a cornerstone of rotator cuff rehabilitation, with targeted exercises to strengthen the shoulder muscles and improve range of motion. Stretching exercises help relieve tightness, while strengthening routines support the shoulder joint, enhancing stability and reducing the risk of future injuries. These exercises are typically introduced gradually, with progression based on pain tolerance and strength improvements.
In cases where pain persists or if there is a significant tear, corticosteroid injections may be used to reduce inflammation and provide temporary relief. For severe rotator cuff injuries, particularly complete tears, surgery may be recommended to repair or reattach the tendon. Post-surgery, a structured physical therapy program is crucial for restoring shoulder function and achieving optimal recovery outcomes.

Booking an initial consultation at The Clinica is the first step towards effective management and recovery from a rotator cuff injury. During this consultation, our specialist will conduct a detailed assessment, discussing your symptoms and reviewing your medical history to determine potential contributing factors. A physical examination of the shoulder will help identify areas of pain, weakness, and restricted movement.
If necessary, imaging tests such as X-rays, ultrasound, or MRI will be arranged to confirm the diagnosis and assess the extent of the injury. Based on these findings, a personalised treatment plan will be developed, focusing on pain relief, rehabilitation, and strategies to restore shoulder function and prevent recurrence.